diff --git a/Lib/logging/__init__.py b/Lib/logging/__init__.py
index 15d5ac28179183..01e94143268089 100644
--- a/Lib/logging/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/logging/__init__.py
@@ -1356,6 +1356,8 @@ def __init__(self, rootnode):
         self.disable = 0
         self.emittedNoHandlerWarning = False
         self.loggerDict = {}
+        # Loggers whose isEnabledFor cache may be populated; see _clear_cache.
+        self._cached_loggers = weakref.WeakSet()
         self.loggerClass = None
         self.logRecordFactory = None
 
@@ -1471,9 +1473,12 @@ def _clear_cache(self):
         """
 
         with _lock:
-            for logger in self.loggerDict.values():
-                if isinstance(logger, Logger):
+            # Only loggers that have populated a cache are visited, so
+            # setLevel() costs O(loggers with cached results), not O(loggers).
+            for logger in list(self._cached_loggers):
+                if self.loggerDict.get(logger.name) is logger:
                     logger._cache.clear()
+                    self._cached_loggers.discard(logger)
             self.root._cache.clear()
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1799,6 +1804,7 @@ def isEnabledFor(self, level):
             return self._cache[level]
         except KeyError:
             with _lock:
+                self.manager._cached_loggers.add(self)
                 if self.manager.disable >= level:
                     is_enabled = self._cache[level] = False
                 else:
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-10-29-20-30-00.gh-issue-160936.lgCach.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-10-29-20-30-00.gh-issue-160936.lgCach.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..b079fb01160095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-10-29-20-30-00.gh-issue-160936.lgCach.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Speed up :meth:`logging.Logger.setLevel` and :func:`logging.disable` when there are many loggers: only loggers that have cached results are now cleared, instead of every logger.